All fine arguments, but I still come down on the side of using one means the cheaper item - the filter - only has to be replaced should anything catastrophic happen.
I unscrewed the filter, we'll get another one eventually, and the lens is good to go in moments.
I wouldn't be happy shooting with a cracked front element - so sending it out for servicing means it's out of the loop for at least a week, and a new front element will be considerably more than a filter.
Of course, a hood is something we should use too.
It's a bit like lens caps. I've been brought up around movie camera lenses more than camera lenses. Where the trainee might not ever be trusted on a job to handle the lens, let alone take caps off.
I would never dream of not using lens caps, but my colleagues advice to the students is to throw them away.
This is unbearable for me. I can't fathom the logic at all. Seriously, it makes me itch to hear him say it.
*shudders*
For me, I'll risk cleaning marks on the filter. It's ultimately there to take the abuse of day to day life so the front element doesn't have to, and thereby extends the practical life of the lens, AFAIC.
I'd rather spend five minutes carefully taking a shattered filter off than be packing a lens up and waiting for invoices for a lens service and element replacement.